Doric Order
Introduction
The Doric Order is one of the three main orders of ancient Greek Architecture, along with the Ionic and Corinthian orders. It is characterized by its use of six columns, which are often decorated with simple ornamentation. The Doric Order was popular during the 5th century BCE, particularly in Athens, and remained influential until the 4th century CE.
History
The Doric Order originated in Sicily in the 7th or 6th century BCE, where it was introduced by the Sicilian architect Cales. The order quickly spread throughout Greece, becoming a staple of Athenian Architecture during the 5th century BCE. The Doric Order was used to build temples, public buildings, and other structures, including the Parthenon, which is considered one of the greatest examples of Doric Architecture.
Characteristics
The Doric Order is characterized by its use of six columns, each with a simple capital (top) and base. The columns are typically rough-hewn and unadorned, with no friezes or metopes. The entablature (the horizontal beam that supports the architrave, frustum, and cornice) consists of three courses: one of engaged columns, one of non-engage columns, and a frieze of scrollwork.
Architecture
Doric Architecture is characterized by its simplicity and elegance. The columns are often arranged in a regular pattern, with the first column (the base) aligned to the left or right of the building’s centerline. The second column is typically placed between the first and third columns, while the third column is usually placed on the same level as the first and fourth columns.
Iconography
The Doric Order is often associated with ancient Greek mythology and literature. The god Zeus, who was often depicted in ancient Greek art, was said to have built the temple of Zeus at Olympia using Doric columns. Other famous depictions of Zeus include those by the artist Phidias, who created a massive statue of the god for the Parthenon.
Variations
Over time, Variations of the Doric Order emerged, including the Caryatidal Doric (which added additional columns to the top) and the Corinthian Doric. The Caryatidal Doric was popular in southern Greece, while the Corinthian Doric was favored by Athens during the 5th century BCE.
Influence
The Doric Order had a significant Influence on Western Architecture, particularly in the development of classical orders such as the Ionic and Corinthian orders. Many buildings from ancient Greece, including the Parthenon, show clear examples of Doric design elements.
Criticism
Critics have argued that the simplicity of the Doric Order makes it uninteresting or even dull to behold. Some also point out that the Doric Order can be seen as a lack of ornamentation and decoration in an otherwise ornate Architecture.
Legacy
Despite its criticisms, the Doric Order remains one of the most iconic and influential styles of ancient Greek Architecture. Its use of simplicity, elegance, and natural materials continues to inspire architects and designers today.
Gallery
Images
1. Parthenon, Athens (Greek Museum)
2. Delphi, Greece (Flickr)
3. Olympia, Greece (Flickr)
4. Temple of Zeus at Olympia (Getty Images)
References
- Bulfinch, T. (1855). The Legends, Myths and Events of Ancient Greece.
- Graves, R. (1962). The Greek Gods: A History of Mythology.
- Helmoltz, D. J. (1988). The Architecture of the Parthenon.
Notes
Doric Order
Table of Contents
History
The Doric Order originated in Sicily in the 7th or 6th century BCE, where it was introduced by the Sicilian architect Cales.
Characteristics
The columns are typically rough-hewn and unadorned, with no friezes or metopes. The entablature consists of three courses: one of engaged columns, one of non-engage columns, and a frieze of scrollwork.
Architecture
Doric Architecture is characterized by its simplicity and elegance.
Iconography
The Doric Order is often associated with ancient Greek mythology and literature.
Variations
Over time, Variations of the Doric Order emerged, including the Caryatidal Doric and Corinthian Doric.
Influence
The Doric Order had a significant Influence on Western Architecture, particularly in the development of classical orders such as the Ionic and Corinthian orders.
Criticism
Critics have argued that the simplicity of the Doric Order makes it uninteresting or even dull to behold. Some also point out that the Doric Order can be seen as a lack of ornamentation and decoration in an otherwise ornate Architecture.
Legacy
Despite its criticisms, the Doric Order remains one of the most iconic and influential styles of ancient Greek Architecture. Its use of simplicity, elegance, and natural materials continues to inspire architects and designers today.